Introduction | |
Verbs | |
Present continuous | 1 |
Present simple | 2 |
Present continuous and present simple | 3 |
Past simple | 4 |
Past continuous | 5 |
Present perfect simple | 6 |
Gone and been | 4 |
Present perfect with just, yet and already | 8 |
Present perfect continuous | 9 |
Present perfect continuous and present perfect simple | 10 |
Present perfect with for and since | 11 |
Present perfect and past simple | 12 |
Present perfect and present tense | 13 |
Past perfect simple | 14 |
Past perfect continuous | 15 |
Future: will | 16 |
Future: going to | 17 |
Future: will and going to | 18 |
Present continuous for the future | 19 |
Future: present continuous and going to | 20 |
Present simple for the future | 21 |
Present simple for the future after when if, etc | 22 |
Future continuous: will be + -ing form | 23 |
Future perfect: will have + past participle | 24 |
Future in the past: was/were going to | 25 |
Continuous forms with always | 26 |
Verbs not normally used in the continuous | 27 |
Review of the present and the past | 28 |
Review of the future | 29 |
Imperative and let's | 30 |
Be | 31 |
There is, there are | 32 |
Have and have got | 33 |
Have for actions | 34 |
Modal verbs and related structures | |
Modal verbs: general | 35 |
Ability: can, could, be able to | 36 |
Permission: can, could, may, might, be allowed to | 37 |
Obligation and necessity (1): must, have to, have got to | 38 |
Obligation and necessity (2): mustn't, don't have to, don't need to, haven't got to, needn't | 39 |
Review of permission and obligation: can, can't, must, mustn't, needn't be allowed to, have to, don't have to | 40 |
Needn't have and didn't need to | 41 |
Obligation and advice: sould, ought to, had better, be supposed to, shall | 42 |
Possibility: may, might, could | 43 |
Possibility: can | 44 |
Probability: should, ought to | 45 |
Deduction: must, can't | 46 |
Review of possibility, probability and deduction: may, might, could, should, ought to, must, can't | 47 |
Requests: can, could, may, will, would | 48 |
Offers: willl, shall, can, could, would | 49 |
Suggestions: shall, let's, why don't we? how/what about? can, could | 50 |
Habits: used to, will, would | 51 |
Refusals: won't, wouldn't | 52 |
Promises and threats: will | 53 |
May/might as well | 54 |
Other uses of should | 55 |
Wish and if only | 56 |
Would rather | 57 |
It's time | 58 |
The passive and have something done | |
The passive: general | 59 |
The passive: infinitive and -ing forms | 60 |
Using get instead of be in the passive | 61 |
Verbs with two objects in the passive | 62 |
The passive with by and with | 63 |
It is said that he.../He is said to... etc | 64 |
Have something done | 65 |
If sentences, conditionals | |
When and if | 66 |
Conditionals: introductions | 67 |
Open present or future conditionals | 68 |
Unreal present or future conditionals | 69 |
Open and unreal present or future conditionals | 70 |
Unreal past conditionals | 71 |
General conditionals | 72 |
Conditionals without if | 73 |
Review of conditionals | 74 |
Reported speech | |
Direct and reported speech: introduction | 75 |
Say and tell | 76 |
Reported statements | 77 |
Reported questions | 78 |
Using the to infinitive in reported speech | 79 |
Review of reported speech | 80 |
-ing form and infinitive | |
-ing form: participle or gerund | 81 |
Verb + -ing form or infinitive: introduction | 82 |
Verb + -ing form | 83 |
Verb + to infinitive | 84 |
Verb + question word + to infinitive | 85 |
Verb + object + to infinitive | 86 |
Verb + -ing form or to infinitive (1) | 87 |
Verb + -ing form or to infinitive (2) | 88 |
Be used to + -ing form and used to + infinitive | 89 |
Need + -ing form or to infinitive | 90 |
Infinitive without to | 91 |
Preposition + -ing form | 92 |
Person + -ing form | 93 |
-ing form and to infinitive as subjects | 94 |
To infinitive of purpose | 95 |
Noun/Pronoun/Adjective + to infinitive | 96 |
See someone doingn and see someone do, etc | 97 |
Review of -ing form and infinitive | 98 |
Participle (-ing and -ed) adjectives | 99 |
Participle (-ing) clauses | 100 |
Nouns, articles and quantity | |
Singular and plural nouns (1) | 101 |
Singular and plural nouns (2) | 102 |
Compound nouns | 103 |
Possessive 's (genitive) | 104 |
Possessive 's or ...of...? | 105 |
Double possessive | 106 |
Countable and uncountable nouns | 107 |
Articles: a/an and the | 108 |
Talking in general: no article and a/an | 109 |
Talking in general: the | 110 |
Common expressions without articles | 111 |
Place names with and without the | 112 |
Review of a/an and the | 113 |
Quantity: general | 114 |
Some and any | 115 |
Much, many, a lot of, (a) little, (a) few | 116 |
No and none | 117 |
All, every, everybody, everything, whole | 118 |
Both, either, neither | 119 |
Pronouns | |
Personal pronouns | 120 |
Possessive adjectives and pronouns | 121 |
Reflexive pronouns | 122 |
Review of personal pronouns, possessive adjectives and pronouns and reflexive pronouns | 123 |
One(s) | 124 |
Something, anything, somebody, anybody, etc | 125 |
Adjectives | |
Form, position and order of adjectives | 126 |
Comparative and superlative adjectives | 127 |
As...as | 128 |
Review of comparatives, superlatives and as...as | 129 |
Adverbs | |
Adjectives and adverbs of manner | 130 |
Adverbs of manner, place and time | 131 |
Adverb position with verbs | 132 |
Time: still, yet, already | 133 |
Time: any more, any longer, no longer | 134 |
Adverbs of frequency | 135 |
Adverbs of probability | 136 |
Fairly, quite, rather and pretty | 137 |
Too and enough | 138 |
So and such | 139 |
Comparison: adverbs | 140 |
Negatives, questions and answers | |
Negative statements | 141 |
Yes/No questions | 142 |
Wh- questions | 143 |
Subject and object questions | 144 |
Question words | 145 |
Negative questions | 146 |
Question tags | 147 |
Reply questions | 148 |
Indirect questions | 149 |
Short answers | 150 |
So/neither am I, so/neither do I, so/neither can I, etc | 151 |
I think so, I hope so, I expect so, etc | 152 |
Relative clauses | |
Defining relative clauses with who, that and which | 153 |
Leaving out who, that and which in defining relative clauses | 154 |
Defining relative clauses with whose, where, when and why/that | 155 |
Defining and non-defining relative clauses | 156 |
Non-defining relative clauses with whose, whom, where and when | 157 |
Relative clauses with prepositions + which and whom | 158 |
Which referring to a whole clause | 159 |
Linking words | |
Time: when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, until | 160 |
Contrast: although, even though, though, in spite of, despite, while, whereas, however | 161 |
Reason and result: because (of), as, since, so, as a result, therefore, so/such ... (that) | 162 |
Purpose: to, in order to, so as to, for, so that | 163 |
Purpose: in case | 164 |
Prepositions | |
Place: at, in, on | 165 |
Place and movement: in, into, out of, on, onto, off, inside, outside | 166 |
Place and movement: above, below, over, under, underneath, on top of | 167 |
Other prepositions of place and movement | 168 |
Time: at, in, on | 169 |
On time and in time | 170 |
At the end and in the end | 171 |
Time: in, during, for, while | 172 |
Time: by, until, from, to before, after | 173 |
Time: for, since, ago, before | 174 |
Means of transport: by, on, in | 175 |
Like, as and as if | 176 |
With (=having) and in (=wearing) | 177 |
Adjective + preposition | 178 |
Noun + preposition | 179 |
Preposition + noun | 180 |
Verb + preposition | 181 |
Verb + object + preposition | 182 |
Review of prepositions | 183 |
Indirect objects with or without to and for | 184 |
Phrasal verbs | |
Phrasal verbs: introduction | 185 |
Types of phrasal verbs | 186 |
Pronunciation and spelling of endings | |
Pronunciation of endings: -(e)s and -ed | 187 |
Spelling of endings: -(e)s, -ing, -ed, -er, -est, -ly | 188 |
General | |
Contractions | 189 |
Irregular verbs | 190 |
Appendix: American English | |
Glossary | |
Index | |