National Minorities - Who Are They?

Tartalom

Preface v
Abbreviations xi
Introduction 1
CHAPTERI
The Concept of National Minorities at the End of the First World War 5
Historical Precedents 5
The Concept of the Nation in the 19th Century 7
The Question of National Minorities After World War 1 12
Redrawal of the Maps of Central and Eastern Europe According
to the National Concept 12
The Concept of Nation According to the Legal Rights Granted
to National Minorities 15
The Concept of Nation in the Context of the International
Guarantees 18
The Congress of European Nationalities 20
Conclusions 21
CHAPTERn
The Concept of National Minority in the 1930s and Soon After World War II 25
Protection "from" Minorities 25
The U-N.'s First Approach to the Question of National Minorities . 27
CHAPTER Hl
The U.N. Concept ofMinority 33
The Reluctance to Introduce the Term National Minority 33
An Attempt at a Definition of a Minority in the U.N. Special In-
quiry 36
Article 27 of the CCPR (1966). The Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Lin-
guistic Minorities (1992) 40
Addendum (1994) 43
Conclusions 45
CHAPTER IV
The Concept ofMinority in the CSCE Process 49
The CSCE in the Periodof 1975-89 49
The Final Act of Helsinki 50
The Concluding Document of the Vienna Meeting (15 January,
1989) 53
The CSCE Process in the New Europe (1990s) 55
The Conference on the Humán Dimension of the CSCE
(Copenhagen, 29 June, 1990) 55
The Charter of Paris for a New Europe (21 November, 1990) 58 Experts Meeting on National Minorities (Geneva, 19 July,
1991) 59
The Conference on the Humán Dimension of the CSCE
(Moscow, 3 October, 1991) 61
The Helsinki Follow-up and Summit Meeting: The Challenges
of Change (10 July, 1992) 61
High Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM) 62
Seminar on National Minorities (Warsaw, 24-28 May, 1993) 63
Conclusions 64
CHAPTERV
The Concept ofMinority in the Context of the Council of Europe . 69
The European Convention on Humán Rights and Fundamental
Freedoms (1950) - 69
The Council of Europe on National Minorities During the 1970s
and 1980s 72
The Council of Europe on National Minorities in the 1990s 74
Recommendation 1134 (1990) 74
The Venice Commission 76
The Austrian Draft Protocol 77
European Charter for Régiónál and Minority Languages (5 November, 1992) 78
Recommendation 1177 "on the Rights of Minorities" (1992) 79 What Minorities?—What Rights? Opinion of the Political Af-
fairs Committee (Document 6749) 80
Recommendation 1201 (1 February, 1993) (The Draft Addi-
tional Protocol) 80
The Summit of Heads of State and Government of Member
States (Vienna, October 1993) 81
The CAHMIN Report and the Convention for the Protection of
National Minorities 82
Conclusions 84
CHAPTER VI
Towards a Definition of the Concept of National Minority 87
Interaction of the Documents of the U.N., CSCE and the Council
of Europe
Doctrinal Opinions 90
Mr. De Azcárate 90
Mr. T. Modeen 91
Seminar Held in Ohrid—Yugoslavia (1974) 91
Ms B. Elles 92
Mr. F. Capotorti 92
Mr. A. Eide 94
Mr. J. Deschénes 94
State and Government Observations and Acceptances 96
Bilateral Agreements 96
Examples of Official Documents of Somé Central and Eastern
European Countries on Minorities 98
The Hungárián Law 98
The Románián Constitution 99
The Albánián Law 100
Definition of a National Minority 100
The Help of History 101
Can a Single Definition Cover the Concept of Minority in the
Broad Sense of Ethnic and National Minorities? 102
What is a National Minority? 103
What Kind of Multicultural Society is Needed? 104
Bibliography 107
Sources 107
Studies 109
Compilation of Documents 109
Books and Articles 109

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