Abstract | I |
Acknowledgements | III |
Abbreviations | V |
How to read this document | VII |
Table of Contents | IX |
Introduction | |
Foreign language education in Hungary | 1 |
Hungarian involvement in the Council of Europe | 11 |
Research questions | 13 |
Review of Literature | |
Vocationally-oriented language learning | 17 |
A leader-centred approach | 20 |
Hypotheses | 28 |
Research Design | |
Questionnaire design | 33 |
Student questionnaire B | 34 |
Teacher questionnaire A | 36 |
Business communinty questionnaire C | 37 |
Accompanying documentation | 37 |
Validation of questionnaires | 38 |
Subjects for the student and teacher questionnaire | 39 |
Subject for the bisiness community questionnaire | 43 |
Data analysis | 47 |
Results and discussion of student data | 51 |
Sevction I: Foreign language background | 51 |
Present language study | 52 |
Past language study | 64 |
Nationally/Internationally recognized exams | 69 |
Self-evaluation of language skills | 74 |
Summary of findings | 86 |
Section II: Purpose for foreign language study | 90 |
Past and present study purpose | 91 |
Future language study | 100 |
Language skills to improve for future study | 107 |
Expected language use for vocational or academic purposes | 117 |
Expected language use for general purposes | 127 |
Specific reason for foreign language study | 135 |
Summary of findings | 156 |
Section III: Learning preferences | 163 |
Learning Activities | 163 |
Learning Methods | 182 |
Summary of findings | 192 |
Section IV: Attitudes toward foreign language teaching | 194 |
Teaching issues | 194 |
Learning issues | 201 |
Summary of findings | 220 |
Results and discussion of teacher data | 225 |
Section I: Foreign language background | 225 |
Foreign language study | 226 |
Foreign language teaching background | 229 |
Section II: Institute foreign language teaching preactices | 240 |
General foreign language requirements | 240 |
Testing policies | 249 |
VOLL requirements | 253 |
Summary of findings | 255 |
Section III: Vocationally-oriented language teaching | 258 |
Vocational language courses | 258 |
Vocational teacher training | 262 |
Summary of findings | 266 |
Section IV: Student purpose for foreing language study | 269 |
Expected language use for vocational or academic purposes | 269 |
Expected language use for general purposes | 278 |
Specific reasons for foreign language study | 286 |
Summary of findings | 300 |
Section V: Teaching materials and resources | 304 |
General analysis | |
Field analysis | |
Level analysis | |
Summary of findings | 320 |
Section VI: Teaching preferences | 323 |
Learning activities | 323 |
Learning methods | 348 |
Summary of findings | 356 |
Section VII: Attitudes toward foreign language teahing | 359 |
General analysis | |
Field analysis | |
Level analysis | |
Summary of findings | 390 |
Section VIII: Summary of open-ended responses | 394 |
Comparison of student and teacher data | 397 |
Section I: Purposes for foreign language study | 397 |
Expected language use for vovcational or academic purposes | 398 |
Expected language use for general purposes | 402 |
Specific reasons for foreign language study | 405 |
Summary of findings | 412 |
Section II: Learning preferences | 416 |
Learning activities | 416 |
Learning methods | 427 |
Summary of findings | 432 |
Section III: Attitudes toward foreign language learning | 434 |
Summary of findings | 440 |
Results and discussion of the business community data | 443 |
Section I: Foreign language use | 443 |
Foreign language education policies | 444 |
Foreign languages in the workplace | 445 |
Summary of findings | 463 |
Section II: Summary of open-ended responses | 465 |
Recommendations and conclusions | 471 |
Section I: Teaching Issues in VOLL | 471 |
Number of lessons | |
Number of foreign languages | |
Strategic Planning of VOLL | |
Suggested Guidelines | |
Purpose for VOLL: Heightening Awareness | |
Evaluation in VOLL | |
Section II: Teacher training | 483 |
In-service training | |
Pre-service training | |
The VOLT Component in Teacher Training | |
Methodology | |
Materials developement | |
Section III: Conclusions | 492 |
Appendixes | |
Questionnaires and documentation | 495 |
Participants | 539 |
Chapter three | 569 |
Chapter four | 575 |
Chapter five | 613 |
Chapter six | 637 |
Explanation of data profiles | 641 |
Field profiles | 647 |
Level profiles | 709 |
Student profiles | 725 |
Teacher profiles | 739 |
Business profiles | 749 |
Bibliography | 759 |